"Basic Questions and Answers on Genetics"

1.    What is genetics?

2.    Who is the father of genetics?

3.    What is heredity?

4.    Like begets like and yet the variations. Comment on given statement.

5.    What is species?

6.    What are variations? Explain with help of example.

7.    What is character?

8.    What are traits?

9.    Give the list of human characters and their traits?

10. Why are chromosomes called as hereditary vehicles?

11. When do chromosomes are visible in cell?

12. What type of microscope is used to take photographs of chromosomes?

13. What is karyotype?

14. What is the relation between chromosome number and species?

15. How many chromosomes are present in humans?

16. Are chromosomes present in even numbers or odd numbers in organisms?

17. Why do chromosomes occur in even numbers in organisms?

18. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in humans?

19. Do chromosomes present in pairs come from two parents?

20. Why do chromosomes are called as” identical chromosomes” when they are in pairs?

21. What are autosomes?

22. Are autosomes same in males and females?

23. What are sex chromosomes?

24. What types of sex chromosomes are present in females?

25. What types of sex chromosomes are present in males?

26.  Which is bigger X chromosome or Y chromosome?

27. Which is male determining chromosome?

28. Why are males heterozygous?

29. Why are female homozygous?

30. What are gonads or primary sex organs?

31. Name male gonad.

32. Name female gonad.

33. What is gamete?

34. Name male gamete?

35. Name female gamete?

36. The lions and cats have the same number of chromosomes (38) .yet one is distinct from other in body size, appearance, colour, behavior etc .Explain.

37. Son or daughter, so for only matter of chance. Explain with help of diagram.

38. How many genes are present in humans?

39. How many genes are present in chromosome no.1 and chromosomes Y of humans?

40.  What is genome?

41. What are alleles? Give example.

42. What do you mean by dominant (superulling) and recessive (subordinate or submissive) genes? Explain with help of example.

43. What is genotype and phenotype?

44. What are homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant?

45. Write difference between genotype and phenotype?

Sex linked Inheritance

1.    What is sex linked inheritance?

2.    What is ‘X’ linked heritance?

3.    What is Y linked inheritance?

4.    What is hemophilia?

5.    What is colourblindness?

6.    What is criss-cross inheritance?

Mendel laws of Inheritance

1.    Write the scientific name of garden pea?

2.     Write the seven pairs of contrasting features of garden pea studied by Mendel.

3.    What is monohybrid cross? Explain with example.

4.    What is dihybrid cross? Explain with example.

5.    What are phenotypic and genotypic ratios? Explain with help of example.

6.    What are monohybrid and dihybrid ratios? Explain with help of example.

7.    Explain Trihybrid ratio with help of example.

8.    What is law of Dominance?

9.    What is law of Segregation?

10. What is law of independent assortment?

11. Write applications of Mendel’s laws?

Mutation

1.    What is mutation?

2.    What is sickle cell anemia?

3.    How are radioactive radiation related with mutations?

Chromosomes

Answer the following questions:

1.    Name the dark staining fibers present in nucleus of stained cell.

2.    Who discovered chromosomes?

3.    In which animal chromosomes were observed first.

4.    What is centromere?

5.    How does chromosome appear during the start of cell division?

6.    What are chromatids?

7.    What are sister chromatids?

8.    What are non sister chromatids?

9.    What are chromatin fibers?

10. Name two substances present in chromatin fibers?

11. What is DNA?

12. What are histones?

13. On how many molecules of histones DNA molecule winds?

14. On which part of histone molecule, DNA molecule winds.

15. What is nucleosome?

16. How many nucleosomes are present in a single human chromosome?

Structure of DNA

1.    What is the full form of DNA?

2.    Who studied the shape of DNA molecule?

3.    In which year the shape of DNA molecule was studied?

4.    Who studies the structure of DNA molecule?

5.    Is DNA macromolecule or micromolecule?

6.    How many strands are present in DNA molecule?

7.    What do you mean by complementary strands?

8.    What is present in DNA strands?

9.    What are nucleotides?

10. What are nucleosides?

11. How many components are present in nucleotides?

12. What type of sugar is present in nucleotide?

13. How many carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are present in sugar molecule of DNA?

14. How many types of nitrogenous bases are present in DNA molecule?

15. Name the bond present between nitrogenous bases of nucleotides of DNA.

16. Draw double helical structure of DNA?

17. In which stage of cell cycle DNA molecule duplicates itself?

18. Why is the duplication of DNA molecule does takes place during cell cycle?

19. How does the replication of DNA takes place. Explain with help of diagram?

20. What are genes?